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[考博英语]2017考博英语语法基础讲解:复合句_考博_旭晨教育

 2017 考博英语 语法基础讲解:复合句

复合句(Complex Sentence)

一个主句和一个以上的从句所构成的句子称为复合句,也称为主从复合句。复合句通常由关联词把主句和从句连接起来。

例句: Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed openaccess, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.

分析: 该句是复合句,其中主干结构是Other models exist;that引导的定语从句修饰models,而在从句中又套了一个由where引导的定语从句修饰openaccess;在 where从句中,before引导的时间状语从句中有一个who引导的定语从句修饰 everyone。

译文: 其他存在的模式都是由以上三种模式相结合的产物。比如延缓式广开门路的模式,前6个月只允许付费的订阅者查阅相关论文,之后,才对大众免费开放。

例句: However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is,as yet,an unanswered question.

分析: 该句是复合句,本句中由or连接两个并列主语从句,后接系表结构is an unanswered question;定语从句that the species had 35 million years ago修饰the common ancestor。

译文: 但是这种公平意识是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成的,还是来自于3500年前他们共同的祖先,这还是一个悬而未决的问题。

复合句根据关联词在句中的作用可分为如下类型:

(一)名词性从句(Noun Clause)

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。(见第一章代词“九、连接代词”)

(二)状语从句(Adverbial Clause)

状语从句根据其意义可分为:

1. 时间状语从句

时间状语从句常用when,whenever(任何时候),as(当……时候、随着),while(在……期间,与……同时),before,after,since(自……以来),as soon as,until/till(直到),once(一旦)等连词引导。

例句: All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics. (1999年第19题)

分析: 该句是并列复合句,其中left undone作后置定语修饰those。

译文: 所有剩下来没做的那些事,理论上听起来很重要,但即使是对此深信不疑者,当谈到具体事宜时也不免有很大困难。

例句: The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers had been demonstrating for.

分析: 该句是复合句,其中that his followers had been demonstrating for为一定语从句修饰 the demands。

译文: 当约翰读着同伴们的要求时,校董事会静静地听着。

例句: Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathy for the people affected.

分析: 该句是复合句,其中过去分词affected作定语修饰the people。

译文: 无论何时当我们听说一起自然灾害时,即使它发生在世界某一遥远的地区,我们都会同情受灾的人。

例句: More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene,which makes the overthecounter kits.

分析: 该句是复合句,主句部分是More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs。since引导一个时间状语从句,which makes the overthecounter kits是修饰 Identigene的定语从句;其中overthecounter意为“不需处方就可以出售的”,chief operating officer of Identigene作Doug Fogg的同位语。

译文: 据生产这种非处方产品套装的“爱的基因”公司的首席运营官道格·福格说,自从去年首次不需要处方就可购买亲子鉴定产品套装以后,已经有6万多人参与购买。



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